An in-depth investigative study by Better Business Bureau (BBB) finds that fraudulent consumer goods are ubiquitous, difficult to tell apart from the legitimate products they are counterfeiting, and stem from a large network of organized criminals and credit card processing mechanisms that are willing to support them.
Research shows that eight in 10 Americans shop online, and the dominance of online
retail means nearly anything can be bought online, sometimes at discounts that seem too
good to be true. However, nearly anything available online can be counterfeited, and
research also shows that one in four people have bought something online that turned out
to be counterfeit.
The investigative study – “Fakes Are Not Fashionable: A BBB Study of the
Epidemic of Counterfeit Goods Sold Online” – looks at the prevalence of counterfeit
consumer goods and the criminal systems that circulate them. It digs into the scope of the problem, who is behind it, the multi-pronged fight to stop it and the steps consumers can take to avoid it.
The risk of encountering counterfeit goods can affect any online shopper. These
goods range from brand-name sunglasses and handbags to golf clubs and consumer
electronics, as well as many other kinds of products. BBB’s report finds that any shippable
item with a reputation for quality and sizable markup is a candidate for counterfeiting. While counterfeit goods often are reputed to be deeply discounted, in reality, counterfeit sellers regularly use selling prices that are close to the price of the real product, so the prices offered are no longer a signal that the product is counterfeit.
The cost of counterfeiting affects not only consumers who lose money by receiving
products not as advertised, but also the broader U.S. economy. BBB’s report finds that
counterfeiting and intellectual property piracy cost the U.S. economy $200-$250 billion and 750,000 jobs annually.
In the last three years, BBB has received more than 2,000 complaints and more than
500 Scam Tracker reports from people who have shopped for goods online and received
counterfeits instead of what they ordered. The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI)
Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) processed 2,249 complaints about counterfeit goods (including pirated goods) in 2018, while the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) processed 552 complaints representing a total financial loss of more than $752,000. That being said, many victims do not file complaints, making it difficult to get a firm grasp on how often people pay for goods that are counterfeit or not as advertised.
According to BBB’s report, 88% of counterfeit goods come from China and Hong
Kong, with their smuggling and their online sale via fraudulent websites widely thought to
be coordinated by international organized crime groups. Customs agents seized $1.2 billion in counterfeit shipments in fiscal 2017, the most current year for which data is available; however, shipping and smuggling methods vary widely, creating major headaches for customs officials. Inasmuch as counterfeit goods are almost always paid for with a credit card, the fraudulent websites that process these sales make extensive use of the credit card and banking system, with a small number of Chinese banks and an extensive network of intermediary payment processors responsible for the vast majority of processing for these purchases.
Active efforts are being made to fight the flood of counterfeit goods. BBB attempts to
identify and report on bogus businesses, especially if they claim to be located in the U.S.
and Canada. Trademark holders also do a great deal of work and spend a considerable
amount of money trying to fight counterfeits. This is a major priority for customs officials
and law enforcement as well; U.S. Customs and Border Protection has increased its seizures of counterfeit goods by 125% over the last five years, and the White House recently issued an executive order directing government agencies that work with brands to examine counterfeiting and make it an enforcement priority.
The report recommends:
- BBB urges the credit card payment processors to engage their full efforts in
combating those that provide merchant accounts to sellers of counterfeit goods. - U.S. consumers would benefit from a program to help counterfeit victims with
chargebacks like the one operated in Canada by the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre
(CAFC). Such a program could help identify fraudulent credit card merchant
accounts, bogus websites, and possibly locations from which such goods are being
shipped. - Law enforcement agencies could make better use of complaint information obtained
by BBB, the FTC, and IC3. - More study and investigation is needed for websites in China that deliver nothing or
where goods are sold deceptively – even if there is no trademark or copyright
involved. - BBB recommends consumers check the reputation of the seller before making
payment at bbb.org and contact the manufacturer for a listing of authorized sellers.
What to do if you believe you have unwittingly purchased counterfeit goods:
- Ask for a refund. Victims who don’t receive anything when buying online with their
credit card, or who receive goods that are counterfeit or not as described, should call
the customer service number on the back of their card and request a refund. The
report goes into great detail about the process of obtaining a refund and the
remedies available to victims. - Report counterfeit goods. Contact one or more of the following:
- National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center: U.S.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) asks victims of counterfeit
goods to file a complaint with the IPR Center here. - Better Business Bureau: Victims can file complaints at bbb.org about online
sellers that claim to be in the U.S. or Canada. BBB tries to resolve complaints
and may help in getting a refund. There is no cost for this service. BBB also
looks for and reports patterns of complaints. Consumers can report scams to
BBB Scam Tracker. - Online markets: Victims can complain directly to eBay, Amazon, Facebook
and Instagram or other online marketplaces. In addition, Amazon has an “A-Z
guarantee” for goods sold by third parties on their site; victims who have
purchased counterfeit items from a third-party seller can seek a refund here. - Internet Fraud Complaint Center (IC3): The FBI takes complaints about
counterfeit goods. Complain here. - Federal Trade Commission: You can complain to the FTC by calling
877/FTC-Help or file a complaint online.
- National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center: U.S.
About BBB
BBB is a nonprofit, business-supported organization that sets and upholds high standards
for fair and honest business behavior. BBB services to consumers are free of charge. BBB
provides objective advice, free BBB Business Profiles on more than 5.3 million companies,
11,000 charity reviews, dispute resolution services, alerts and educational information on topics affecting marketplace trust. Please visit bbb.org for more information.
Media Contact: For interviews or comments please contact Cinthya Lavin at 305-827-5363
ext. 204 clavin@bbbsefl.org
